德國REXROTH單向閥副幾何外形誤差和同心度變化所導(dǎo)致的徑向不平衡液壓力。如圖5-13(a)所示，當閥芯和閥體孔之間無幾何外形誤差，且軸心線平行但不重應(yīng)時，閥芯周圍間隙內(nèi)的壓力分布是線性的(圖中A1和A2線所示)，且各向相等，閥芯上不會出現(xiàn)不平衡的徑向力；當閥芯因加工誤差而帶有倒錐(錐部大端朝向高壓腔)且軸心線平行而不重應(yīng)時，閥芯周圍間隙內(nèi)的壓力分布如圖5-13(b)中曲線A1和A2所示，這時閥芯將受到徑向不平衡力(圖中暗影部分)的作用而使偏疼距越來越大，直到兩者外貌接觸為止，這時徑向不平衡力達到最大值；但是，如閥芯帶有順錐(錐部大端朝向低壓腔)時，產(chǎn)生的徑向不平衡力將使閥芯和閥孔間的偏疼距減??；圖5-13(c)所示為閥芯外貌有局部凸起(相當于閥芯碰傷、殘留毛刺或者縫隙中楔入臟物時，閥芯受到的徑向不平衡力將使閥芯的凸起部分推向孔壁。
德國REXROTH單向閥配合使用，調(diào)節(jié)進入系統(tǒng)的流量，并保持系統(tǒng)的壓力基本恒定。如圖5-14(a)所示，溢流閥2并聯(lián)于系統(tǒng)中，進入液壓缸4的流量由節(jié)流閥3調(diào)節(jié)。由于定量泵1的流量大于液壓缸4所需的流量，油壓升高，將溢流閥2打開，多余的油液經(jīng)溢流閥2流回油箱。因此，泵在這里溢流閥的功用就是在不停的溢流過程當中保持系統(tǒng)壓力基本不變。
德國REXROTH單向閥的阻尼小孔的作用是：利用主閥上下兩真?zhèn)€壓力差和彈簧力的平衡原理來進行壓力控制的，進油腔的壓力油徑阻尼孔進入上腔，并作用于先導(dǎo)閥的錐閥上。當系統(tǒng)壓力升高，即進油壓力升高，其液壓力降服先導(dǎo)閥彈簧力錐閥打開，這時油流通過阻尼孔產(chǎn)生壓力降，當壓力差形成的開啟力大于主閥彈簧力時，主閥芯被抬起，出進油口被接通，實現(xiàn)溢流作用。倘若阻尼孔擁塞，使其成為直動式溢流閥，那么，系統(tǒng)就很難建立起適合的壓力。若把阻尼孔開的太大，則很難使主閥芯上、下腔形成須要的壓力差，而導(dǎo)致溢流閥打不開，而落空溢流的作用。

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